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keskiviikko 20. tammikuuta 2010

JYVÄSKYLÄ-FINLAND

Jyväskylä



Jyväskylä
City
Jyväskylän kaupunki
Ylistö Bridge, towards Mattilanniemi campus

Coat of arms
Coordinates: 62°14.5′N 025°44.5′E / 62.2417°N 25.7417°E / 62.2417; 25.7417Coordinates: 62°14.5′N 025°44.5′E / 62.2417°N 25.7417°E / 62.2417; 25.7417
Country Finland
Region Central Finland
Sub-region Jyväskylä sub-region
Charter 1837
Government
- City manager Markku Andersson
Area (2009-01-01)[1]
- City 1,466.48 km2 (566.2 sq mi)
- Land 1,171.23 km2 (452.2 sq mi)
- Water 295.25 km2 (114 sq mi)
Area rank 66th largest in Finland
Population (2009-12-31)[2]
- City 129,634
- Density 110.68/km2 (286.7/sq mi)
- Metro 172,100
Population rank 7th largest in Finland
Population by native language [3]
- Finnish 96.7% (official)
- Swedish 0.2%
- Others 3%
Population by age [4]
- 0 to 14 16.4%
- 15 to 64 69.8%
- 65 or older 13.8%
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
- Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Municipal tax rate[5] 19%
Website www.jkl.fi

Jyväskylä (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈjyvæsˌkylæ]) is a city and municipality located in Central Finland, 147 kilometres (91 mi) north-east of Tampere and 270 kilometres (170 mi) north of Helsinki, on northern coast of lake Päijänne. It is the capital of Central Finland. The site of many education-related firsts in Finland, Jyväskylä is known as a city of schools, the AthensFinland. It is also famous for its many buildings designed by Alvar Aalto. The city hosts Neste Oil Rally Finland, which is part of the World Rally Championship. It is also home of the annual Jyväskylä Arts Festival. of

As of 31 December 2009, Jyväskylä had a population of 129,634.[2]

The Jyväskylä sub-region includes Jyväskylä, Laukaa, Muurame, Petäjävesi and Toivakka.

As of 2006, the city mayor is Markku Andersson.



[hide]


History

In Jyväskylä region there are archeological findings from the stone age and cultivation has started already 3500 years ago. According to the oldest available taxation documents (maakirja) there were seven estates in the Jyväskylä region in 1539. One of them, the estate of Mattila, alone possessed the areas stretching from the village of Keljo to the villages of Vesanka and Palokka. The oldest estate in Jyväskylä that has been held continuously by the same family is the estate of Lahti which emerged when the estate of Mattila was split for two brothers in 1600. The history of the estate of Lahti and the family of Lahti have had a significant impact on the development of Jyväskylä region. Lahdenrinne in the south-west corner of Jyväsjärvi lake belongs to the old heartland of the estate of Lahti.

The City of Jyväskylä was founded on 22 March 1837 by Czar Nicholas I of Russia and the infrastructure was essentially built from scratch. The original town was built between Lake Jyväsjärvi (which is connected to Lake Päijänne) and the Jyväskylä ridge (Harju), and consisted of most of the current grid-style city centre. In the early 20th century, the town expanded several times. Most of today's Jyväskylä was built after the Continuation war, when refugees from Karelia and other parts of the country moved to the city and housing was badly needed. Today, Jyväskylä is growing fast - by approx. 1,000 inhabitants/year.

Säynätsalo was consolidated with Jyväskylä in 1993. Jyväskylän maalaiskunta and Korpilahti were consolidated with Jyväskylä on January 1, 2009.



Geography


Climate

[hide]Weather data for Jyväskylä
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) −5.3
(22)
−5.0
(23)
0.2
(32)
6.0
(43)
14.5
(58)
19.3
(67)
21.3
(70)
18.4
(65)
12.3
(54)
6.0
(43)
0.2
(32)
-3.5
(26)
7.0
(45)
Average low °C (°F) −12.3
(10)
−12.9
(9)
−8.4
(17)
-3.2
(26)
2.4
(36)
8.1
(47)
10.4
(51)
8.9
(48)
4.2
(40)
0.3
(33)
−4.9
(23)
−10.0
(14)
-1.4
(29)
Precipitation mm (inches) 43
(1.69)
31
(1.22)
37
(1.46)
37
(1.46)
38
(1.5)
59
(2.32)
79
(3.11)
88
(3.46)
63
(2.48)
60
(2.36)
57
(2.24)
47
(1.85)
638
(25.12)
Source: Climatological statistics for the normal period 1971–2000[6] 2009-07-07


Economy

Main sources of livelihood in Jyväskylä are educational and health care services, paper machinery production, information technology and energy sector. Most important private employers are paper machinery producer Metso ltd., retail trade company Keskimaa, real estate service company ISS, wind turbine gear manufacturer Moventas and IT service company Tieto. [1]

The unemployment rate in Jyväskylä is 14.7% (7/2009), which is higher than average in Finland (10,7% in 7/2009), due to high number of students. [2]


Sports

The University of Jyväskylä is the only university in Northern Europe with a faculty of sports. The faculty has been a key player to develop a strong sports culture in the city.

List of successful sport teams from Jyväskylä


Education

Jyväskylä is a traditional education city. A number of firsts in Finnish education have taken place in Jyväskylä:

  • The first Finnish-medium lyceum (high school) (1858) (lyceum being a Finnish equivalent of high school). Today the school is named Jyväskylän Lyseon Lukio
  • The first Finnish-medium teacher training college (1863)
  • The first Finnish-medium school for girls (1864)
  • Finland's first Summer University (1914)

Due to this, among other things, the city earned the nickname Athens of Finland.

The teacher training college later evolved into the College of Education (1934) and further into the multidisciplinary University of Jyväskylä (1966).

Fireworks in Jyväskylä

The University of Jyväskylä is one of the most popular universities in Finland. Almost 16,000 students are enrolled to study for a Bachelor's or Master's degree, and the university also offers PhD programs in most of its subjects. Historically, the university has excelled in the study of education, but in the last few decades it has also gained respect in the sciences. It is the only university in Finland offering university-level education in sports, training sports teachers and coaches. Its IT program is the largest in the country in terms of attendance. Including school children, and the students in high schools, vocational schools, the university of applied sciences, known also for its IT program, and the university, the number of students and pupils in the city reaches 44,000, boosting Jyväskylä's reputation as a "student city".


Transport

Jyväskylä railway station is served by VR direct trains to Helsinki, Pieksämäki, Tampere, Turku, Vaasa and many other destinations in Finland. The station was extensively modernised in 2002.

Jyväskylä Airport was expanded in 2004. It's situated in Tikkakoski, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Jyväskylä. It has direct flights to Helsinki-Vantaa Airport.

The city is on crossroads of many main roads of Finland. European route E75 passes the city from South to North and E63 from Southeast to Northwest.

Jyväskylä harbour is home for many passenger ships operating on lake Päijänne.

Public transportation system is operated by Jyväskylän liikenne and it is based on bus lines.


People

[edit] Artists

[edit] Politicians

[edit] Athletes


International relations


Twin towns — Sister cities

Jyväskylä is twinned with:


Friendship cities


See also


References

  1. ^ "Area by municipality as of 1 January 2009" (in Finnish and Swedish) (PDF). Land Survey of Finland. http://www.maanmittauslaitos.fi/Pintaalat_kunnittain_1.1.2009.pdf. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  2. ^ a b "Population by municipality as of 31 December 2009" (in Finnish and Swedish). Population Information System. Population Register Center of Finland. http://www.vrk.fi/vrk/files.nsf/files/4AD425C09E8E9093C22576AA001D7112/$file/091231.htm. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
  3. ^ "Population according to language and the number of foreigners and land area km2 by area as of 31 December 2008". Statistics Finland's PX-Web databases. Statistics Finland. http://pxweb2.stat.fi/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=060_vaerak_tau_107_fi&ti=V%E4est%F6+kielen+mukaan+sek%E4+ulkomaan+kansalaisten+m%E4%E4r%E4+ja+maa%2Dpinta%2Dala+alueittain++1980+%2D+2008&path=../Database/StatFin/vrm/vaerak/&lang=3&multilang=fi. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
  4. ^ "Population according to age and gender by area as of 31 December 2008". Statistics Finland's PX-Web databases. Statistics Finland. http://pxweb2.stat.fi/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=050_vaerak_tau_104_fi&ti=V%E4est%F6+i%E4n+%281%2Dv%2E%29+ja+sukupuolen+mukaan+alueittain+1980+%2D+2008&path=../Database/StatFin/vrm/vaerak/&lang=3&multilang=fi. Retrieved 28 April 2009.
  5. ^ "List of municipal and parish tax rates in 2010". Tax Administration of Finland. 24 November 2009. http://www.vero.fi/download.asp?id=5853;25512. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
  6. ^ Climatological statistics for the normal period 1971–2000
  7. ^ a b c "Twin cities". International relations. http://www3.jkl.fi/international/intrelations/twin.shtml. Retrieved 2006-08-02.


External links

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